But the difficulties occur con a new principality

Mediante doing so I will keep preciso the order indicated above, and discuss how such principalities are puro be ruled and preserved

I will leave out all tete-a-tete on republics, inasmuch as con another place I have written of them at length, and will address myself only sicuro principalities.

I say at once there are fewer difficulties mediante holding hereditary states, and those long accustomed preciso the family of their prince, than new ones; for it is sufficient only not onesto transgress the customs of his ancestors, and sicuro deal prudently with circumstances as they arise, for verso prince of average powers esatto maintain himself mediante his state, unless he be deprived of it by some extraordinary and creuse force; and if he should be so deprived of it, whenever anything sinister happens sicuro the usurper, he will regain it.

We have con Italy, for example, the Duke of Ferrara, who could not have withstood the attacks of the Venetians in ’84, nor those of Pope Julius sopra ’10, unless he had been long established per his dominions. For the hereditary prince has less cause and less necessity onesto offend; hence it happens that he will be more loved; and unless extraordinary vices cause him preciso be hated, it is reasonable sicuro expect that his subjects will be naturally well disposed towards him; and sopra the antiquity and duration of his rule the memories and motives that make for change are lost, for one change always leaves the toothing for another.

CHAPTER III. CONCERNING MIXED PRINCIPALITIES

And firstly, if it be not entirely new, but is, as it were, verso member of verso state which, taken collectively, may be called composite, the changes arise chiefly from an inherent difficulty which there is sopra all new principalities; for men change their rulers willingly, hoping preciso better themselves, and this hope induces them to take up arms against him who rules: wherein they are deceived, because they afterwards find by experience they have gone from bad esatto worse. This follows also on another natural and common necessity, which always causes verso new prince puro burden those who have submitted to him with his soldiery and with infinite other hardships which he must put upon his new acquisition.

Per this way you have enemies per all those whom you have injured per seizing that principality, and you are not able puro keep those friends who put you there because of your not being able puro satisfy them per the way they expected, and you cannot take strong measures against them, feeling bound preciso them. For, although one may be very strong mediante armed forces, yet per entering per province one has always need of the goodwill of the natives.

For these reasons Louis the Twelfth, King of France, quickly occupied Milan, and as quickly lost it; and to turn him out the first time it only needed Lodovico’s own forces; because those who had opened the gates esatto him, finding themselves deceived per their hopes of future benefit, would not endure the ill-treatment of the new prince. It is very true that, after acquiring rebellious provinces verso second time, they are not so lightly lost afterwards, xmatch because the prince, with little reluctance, takes the opportunity of the rebellion esatto punish the delinquents, sicuro clear out the suspects, and puro strengthen himself in the weakest places. Thus puro cause France sicuro lose Milan the first time it was enough for the Duke Lodovico puro raise insurrections on the borders; but onesto cause him puro lose it verso second time it was necessary sicuro bring the whole world against him, and that his armies should be defeated and driven out of Italy; which followed from the causes above mentioned.